International researchers review emerging 3D printed medical devices during the COVID-19 pandemic

China3D printingNet, May 10, researchers from the United States and Australia have thoroughly studied3D printingHow technology is helping people in the current COVID-19 pandemic, and in the recently published “COVID-19 and3D printingThey published their findings in “Role in Medicine.”
Since humans all over the world are affected by the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19),3D printingUsers have stepped up their efforts to provide assistance with personal protective equipment and medical equipment and accompanying parts where possible. The user has created masks, ventilators, connectors, and various other PPE and parts needed.However, many companies, medical centers and research scientists have also been collaborating, innovating and supporting3D printingWork.

The researchers also pointed out that many groups have been working hard. They have studied many different types of open source models, but the resources and documents cited are intended to be part of the “evolving collection” of the model and linked to resources used to meet immediate medical needs (examples are located at NIH 3D printingexchange).
“The author emphasizes that when conducting research and writing this article, many3D printingThe device has not been tested by the relevant regulatory agencies or’unapproved for first-line clinical use. ‘The validity of the study cannot be guaranteed by including the study, and users should use it with caution. “


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Model” alt=”Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2
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Model” width=”620″ height=”395″ />

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 23D printingModel

When COVID-19 began to sweep Italy, the rest of the world noticed the increase in the number of cases and deaths. However, the lack of ventilators quickly became part of the frightening story-patients had to wait for a suitable respirator. There is also a shortage of other equipment, such as masks and hoods, and venturi valves required for respiratory support equipment.
The authors explain: “Although the design of the Venturi valve is affected by copyright and patent protection, certain emergency situations that lead to life-and-death decisions may justify the full use of intellectual property rights in an appropriate clinical environment, regardless of whether its use is reasonable.”
Isinnova’s doctors and engineers are exemplary professionals in manufacturing valves and other parts that help increase the supply of medical equipment/parts.
“Fortunately, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration does not object to the creation and use of certain devices, such as T-connectors, which meet the specifications described in the instructions provided to the FDA, and are used to allow multiple patients to accept when the number of patients is large. Mechanical ventilation. People who require invasive mechanical ventilation exceed the supply of available ventilators. In order to protect lives, the usual standard of medical care has been changed to critical care.”

The Venturi valve is also manufactured and provided by GrabCAD user Filip Kober:The authors said: “These valves are designed to achieve a specific level of inhaled oxygen (FiO2) at a set supplemental oxygen supply rate. The porosity of the model may unintentionally change the expected FiO2 level, requiring use to ensure the air tightness of the part. Printing technology.”Open source products such as the automatic ventilator designed by RapidVent in Illinois also have “good results”, especially when the manufacturer’s supply is limited. Other valves (such as the no2covid-ONE valve) allow multiple patients to use one ventilator-even if different oxygen is required.

Open source non-adjustable Venturi valve design, when the oxygen supplement flow is 10 liters per minute, FiO2 is 33%. The cross-sectional view (above) shows the internal structure of the device, where the oxygen port is small (light blue) and the air inlet is large (left)

The PPEs that are still needed include:

.
Splash mask

.Facial mask

.N95 mask

.N90 mask

.Electric air purifying respirator (PAPR) hood

.Controlled Air Purification Respirator Cover (CAPR)

All reusable items must be considered for sterilization.pass through3D printing, Can also be customized in detail, such as Copper3D NanoHack mask (printed in PLA) or HEPA mask (Thingiverse, produced by Kvatthro), these masks have been widely known.



The Copper3D NanoHack mask model is shown on the left, which demonstrates the intermediate stage of mask completion.The masked3D printingModel, right



HEPA mask design with box for inserting HEPA filter

The researchers said: “Other changes in personal protective equipment include protective face shields, such as those designed by Prusa.” “These simple devices have reusable printable earphones on which a separately purchased transparent plastic sheet can be attached. Create a mask to protect the user’s eyes and mouth.”

3D printingHeadband, allowing insertion of a flexible shield” alt=”Early reusable Prusa Research 3D printingHeadband, allow to insert flexible shield” width=”620″ height=”393″ />

Early reusable Prusa Research 3D printingThe headband allows the insertion of a flexible shield.Picture modified from[15]
The product must always be properly disinfected before use; for3D printingFor nasal swabs, the author pointed out that testing must be more comprehensive in terms of safety, sterilization and packaging.“we suggest3D printingExperts communicate with their local hospital supply chain and may communicate with national strategic inventory holders. The researchers concluded that a focused, strategic local response to this crisis requires open forms of organized communication. “

(Editor in charge: admin)