The May issue of “Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery” magazine reported a3D printingHyperelastic bone (hyperelastic bone) synthetic material, which is expected to become a cost-effective new material for cranio-maxillofacial repair.The results of this scientific research were carried out by the research team of Dr. Ramille N. Shah from Northwestern University and University of Illinois Health University. Preliminary results show that the material accelerates bone regeneration in rats with skull defects.
picture:3D printingMicrocomputer tomography of the superelastic bone scaffold, source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.
pass through3D printingRealize fast and cheap production
The research team stated that there is a large demand for cost-effective bone replacement materials in the field of cranio-maxillofacial reconstruction, and super-elastic bone has great potential to be applied in this field.The researchers reported on the results of animal experiments with the material in rats. Preliminary experiments using super-elastic bone in rats with defects in the top of the skull during surgery. The skull of the rat used in the experiment had a defect that was a “critical size” that was difficult to heal on its own. The condition of this defect is similar to that of patients who have undergone brain tumor surgery.
Above: Super-elastic bone and copper sulfate (CuSO4) materials, as well as those with a diameter of 8mm3D printingStent; bottom left: micro-computed tomography reconstruction of an 8mm diameter superelastic bone scaffold (top-down and cross-sectional view); bottom right: details of the cross-sectional view of the micro-computed tomography, highlighting relevant dimensions and features.
The super-elastic bone material developed by the research team is a3D printingThe scaffold is made of hydroxyapatite (bone mineral) and the widely used biocompatible material polyglycolic acid. The stent has a complex mesh structure, which facilitates the growth and regeneration of new bones, and has sufficient ductility to be easily press-fitted or cut during surgery.This super-elastic bone repair scaffold can pass3D printingEquipment for fast and cheap production.
In animal experiments, in addition to using3D printingIn addition to the repair of skull defects with super-elastic bone, animal autogenous and repair brackets that do not contain bone mineral materials are used to repair other skull defects. Autologous bone is the material of choice for reconstruction of bone defects, but this kind of natural material is difficult to obtain. It is necessary to take bones from other parts of the body, and sometimes it is impossible to obtain suitable autologous bone.
The experimental results show,3D printingThe super elastic bone provides good bone regeneration. In follow-up CT scans, compared with autogenous bone, the effective rate of hyperelastic bone was about 74% after 8 weeks, and the effective rate was 65% at 12 weeks. However, the defect repaired by the scaffold containing only polyglycolic acid material and no bone mineral material showed little new bone formation.Microscopic examination showed that the superelastic bone scaffold was first gradually surrounded by fibrous tissue and then surrounded by new bone cells. Over time, the scaffold will gradually be completely replaced by new bone, combined with the implanted bone mineral.
According to the research team, with the further development of superelastic bone repair scaffold technology, they believe this3D printingThe material can be a substitute for autogenous bone and cranio-maxillofacial repair implants already on the market. Next, the research team needs further experimental studies to confirm which specific types of craniofacial reconstruction are suitable for hyperelastic bone.
Review
Compared with traditional skull repair implant preparation methods,3D printingTechnology manufacturing skull material has two main advantages:
-Prepare implants with a shape that matches the size of the defect to a high degree, reducing the workload of doctors in manual repair and cutting during surgery, reducing operation time, and reducing the risk of postoperative infection for patients;[1]
-There are many techniques for preparing porous skull repair scaffolds, but the traditional porous scaffold materials are prepared manually, which has poor reproducibility. The added pore-forming agent has potential toxic side effects, poor pore connectivity, or the pore size cannot be controlled, and it is impossible to manufacture A bone repair scaffold with a complex shape.3D printingThe technology can to a large extent realize the controllability of the porosity, pore size, pore volume, spatial arrangement and other surface characteristics of the scaffold, providing a new way for the construction of bone tissue engineering scaffolds.[2]
my country’s scientific research institutions and enterprises have3D printingThe application of hydroxyapatite synthetic material scaffolds in the field of bone defects has also been studied in depth.For example, Guangzhou Jupu Technology Co., Ltd. makes a reasonable ratio of autologous bone powder, calcium hydroxyphosphate and dilute phosphoric acid to prepare suitable mixed materials, and carry out the process at a certain temperature.3D printing, And finally obtain the artificial skull repair piece with higher mechanical strength.
Reference materials:
[1] CN201610212476, a3D printingArtificial skull repair patch and preparation method thereof.
[2] CN201811166441, A calcium phosphate/bioactive glass bone repair scaffold and a preparation method thereof.
Three-Dimensionally Printed Hyperelastic Bone Scaffolds Accelerate Bone Regeneration in Critical-Size Calvarial Bone Defects.
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