China3D printingNet November 20th, scientists at the Skolvo Institute of Science and Technology (Skoltech) have developed a3D printingA novel approach to personalize ceramic bone implants.
In their research, the team used a simulation-based approach to create a flexible, defect-free 3D model, which will provide a basis for adding implants. Researchers have optimized these designs to tailor them to the needs of specific patients and make them easier to integrate with organic tissues.
Evgenii Maltsev, one of the co-authors of the paper, said: “The functional representation of microstructure (FRep) modeling has many advantages. FRep always guarantees that the generated model is correct, which is consistent with CAD Contrary to the traditional polygon representation in the system, in the traditional polygon representation, the model may have cracks or disjoint faces.”
The implants of these teams have a porous structure that can be adjusted according to the needs of individual patients. Picture from Skoltech, Pavel Odinev.
Harnessing the potential of ceramics
Ceramics have many characteristics, such as abrasion resistance and chemical stability, which make it a good choice for everything from tools to dental products.3D printingIdeal choice. Nevertheless, although additive manufacturing techniques have been used in implant applications, ceramics are used less frequently in this field, and cell-rich polymers and alloys are usually used.
For example, researchers at the Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands have developed a magnesium-based renewable stent, and a study by Charité-Universitätsmedizin in Berlin found that titanium is the best material basis.Elsewhere, Japanese scientists at Nagasaki University and Saga University have created a 3D tubular tracheal structure without biological scaffolds.
, According to China3D printingWang understands that Skoltech scientists have found that porosity is critical to the proliferation of cells after surgery, and reduced the “optimal pore size” to 390 to 590 µm. It is difficult to achieve such accuracy using existing materials because their low porosity will hinder the growth of tissues, blood vessels and other nutrient channels.
Currently, foaming and burn-out additives are used to overcome these limitations, but the team believes3D printingIt will provide a better platform to create macroporous structures. Considering that additive manufacturing can produce parts with controlled porosity, this technology has the potential to print customizable implants with custom structures.
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(As shown in the picture), and then proceed to debinding and sintering steps” alt=”The research team used SLA machines to perform ceramic implants
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The research team used SLA machines to perform ceramic implants3D printing(As shown in the picture), and then proceed to debinding and sintering steps. Picture from “Applied Science” magazine.
Team’s FRep optimization3D printingmethod
In order to develop an implant manufacturing method that allows users to quickly personalize each bone graft, the scientists adopted the FRep modeling method. In essence, FRep uses a more implicit modeling method that allows it to replicate complex shapes with porous, porous, and irregular microstructures.
Compared with the CAD-based model, the team found that FRep produced an accurate design and was more adaptable. To test the performance of their model under the end-use conditions, the scientists used an SLA printer to cure a paste composed of a multi-component adhesive and ceramic powder.
After printing, the “green” part is heated in a furnace to remove the plastic binder and sintered into a final shape with predetermined characteristics using the SLS system. Then, the team used SEM microscopes and various mechanical stress tests to evaluate the resulting cylindrical specimens.
Under axial compression,3D printingThe implant showed a strength of 400 MPa, while the SEM image showed a pore size range of 440 to 700 µm (within the team’s tolerance). Although the sample size of 4 (D) x 9.5 mm (W) proved to be self-supporting, it did require a small amount of material reinforcement in the early design process.
Considering that their implants show the same level of compressive strength as trabecular bone, scientists believe their method is successful. The team intends to optimize their printing methods in the future, and for this purpose, ten prototypes of them have been sent to animal testing facilities.
The growth of ceramic additive applications
Not only in the medical industry, but also in the electronics and dental fields, more and more ceramics are used for enhanced performance3D printingpart. Material jetting expert XJet has partnered with dental company Straumann to improve its machine-made dental products capabilities. By using the XJet system and ceramic raw materials, Straumann’s goal is to reduce the time spent on time-intensive post-processing tasks.
The French Ceramic Technology Transfer Center has installed one of nScrypt’s factories in a tool (FiT) machine as a3D printingA means of electronic products.Using their new system, the team is now able to conformally3D printingFine wire.
Elsewhere, StoneFlower3D, a German ceramic additive manufacturing company, has developed a new print head for use in3D printingClay, concrete and slurry are processed in the process. The device is designed to provide desktop users with a more easily accessible method of manufacturing ceramic products.
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